Cognitive Radio

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Cognitive Radio: An Emerging Intelligent Radio Technology in the Wireless Communication

 Cognitive radio (CR) is a form of wireless communication in which a transceiver can intelligently detect which communication channels are in use and which are not, and instantly move into vacant channels while avoiding occupied ones.

Characteristics of Cognitive Radio cognitive Radio have main characteristics 

  1.  Cognitive capability
  2.  Reconfigurable Capability
  3.  self-organized capability


Security Issues:

The question is how to protect the licensed spectrum and users and also how to avoid unlicensed users from causing interference with existing licensed users or use of special reserved frequencies like, e.g., for emergency services. Other possible security risks are involuntary downloading of malicious software, licensed user emulation

Advantages of cognitive radio


Cognitive radio helps:

1. Overcome radio spectrum scarcity

How?  By sensing spectrum utilization (irrespective of channel allocation), cognitive radios can broadcast on unused radio spectrum, while still avoiding interference with the operation of the primary licensee.

2. Avoid intentional radio jamming scenarios

How? By sensing channel availability and even predicting the jammer’s tactics , cognitive radios can evade jamming by dynamically and preemptively switching to higher quality channels.

3. Switch to power saving protocol

How?  By switching to protocols that trade off lower power consumption for lower bandwidth, cognitive radios conserve power when slower data rates suffice.

4. Improve satellite communications

How?  By predicting rain fade and reconfiguring transmitters/receivers for optimum bandwidth, cognitive radios improve communication quality when and where the information is needed most. 

5. Improves quality of service (QoS)

How? By sensing environmental and inadvertent man-made radio interferences, cognitive radios can select frequency channels with a higher Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR).



Conclusions :

1-   The radio spectrum is statically allocated and divided between licensed and unlicensed frequencies.

2-     Cognitive Radio is a recent network paradigm that enables a more flexible and efficient usage of the radio spectrum.

3-    The status of a wireless channel can change due to several reasons in CR, such as node mobility, operating frequency, neighbour interference, transmission power and primary user appearance.

4-   The architecture of CR networks can either be centralized or distributed. 5- The capabilities of cognitive radios as nodes of CRN can be classified according to their functionalities based on the definition of cognitive radio.


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